When it comes to firearms, few weapons are as versatile and widely used as the shotgun. Whether you're into hunting, home defense, sport shooting, or law enforcement, a shotgun often finds a place in the hands of professionals and enthusiasts alike. But what is a shotgun, and why does it come in so many different forms?

What is a Shotgun?

A shotgun is a type of firearm designed to fire shells containing multiple small pellets (called shot) or a single large projectile (slug). It is primarily used for short to medium-range shooting.

Unlike rifles, which fire a single bullet, shotguns spread their shot, making them highly effective for moving targets like birds or clay pigeons.

Shotguns are widely used in:

1. Hunting (especially birds and small game)

2. Home and personal defense

3. Law enforcement and military operations

4. Competitive sports like skeet and trap shooting

Types of Shotguns

There are several types of shotguns, each designed for specific uses. The most common types include:

1. Break Action Shotgun

A break action shotgun opens at the breech, allowing the user to manually insert shells. These are often seen as classic and simple to use, making them popular among beginners and traditionalists.

1. Available in single-barrel or double-barrel designs

2. Reliable and easy to maintain

3. Ideal for sport shooting and upland hunting

2. Pump Action Shotgun

A pump action requires the shooter to manually slide the fore-end back and forth to eject the spent shell and chamber a new one.

1. Known for durability and versatility

2. Common in home defense and law enforcement

3. Easy to load and operate under pressure

3. Semi-Automatic Shotgun

This type uses gas or recoil to automatically eject and reload after firing.

1. Faster follow-up shots

2. Great for sport shooting and waterfowl hunting

3. Slightly more complex and heavier

Read more: Semi-Auto vs. Full Auto Firearm: What’s the Difference?

4. Bolt Action and Lever Action Shotguns

These are less common but can be found in niche markets or for collectors.

1. Used more for specialized hunting or sport shooting

2. Slower rate of fire

Continue reading: Best Bolt-Action Rifles You Should Get Your Hands On

5. Tactical Shotguns

Typically based on pump or semi-automatic designs, tactical shotguns feature accessories like rails, adjustable stocks, and extended magazines.

1. Designed for defense and tactical operations

2. Optimized for combat and high-stress environments

12 Gauge Shotgun Types

The 12 gauge shotgun is the most popular shotgun gauge in the world. It's known for its power, versatility, and wide variety of ammunition types.

Popular 12 gauge shotgun types include:

1. 12 Gauge Pump Action – Ideal for defense and all-around use

2. 12 Gauge Semi-Auto – Great for rapid shots and hunting

3. 12 Gauge Break Action – Simple and reliable

12 gauge shotguns are also widely compatible with various types of shotgun shells and shotgun bullet types, making them a favorite for both beginners and seasoned users.

Also read: 12 Gauge Vs. 20 Gauge

Types of Shotgun Shells

Shotgun shells come in different sizes and types depending on the intended purpose:

1. Birdshot – Small pellets; ideal for birds and small game

2. Buckshot – Larger pellets; used for home defense and big game

3. Slug – A single solid projectile; suitable for large game or longer ranges

Different gauges (like 12, 20, or .410) have their own shell dimensions and recoil levels, so it’s important to choose the right one based on your needs.

Shotgun Bullet Types

The term shotgun bullet types generally refers to the type of projectiles fired:

1. Shot – Multiple pellets (birdshot or buckshot)

2. Slug – One solid bullet

3. Specialty Rounds – Less lethal rounds, incendiary, or breaching rounds for tactical use

How Much is a Shotgun?

Wondering how much is a shotgun? Prices vary based on type, brand, and features:

1. Entry-level break action shotguns: $150–$300

2. Pump action models: $250–$500

3. Semi-automatic shotguns: $400–$1,500+

4. Tactical and high-end hunting models: $800–$2,000+

Used shotguns can be more affordable, while premium models with engravings and craftsmanship may cost significantly more.

FAQs

Q: What gauge is best for beginners?
A 20 gauge shotgun is often recommended for beginners due to its lighter recoil compared to a 12 gauge.

Q: Can shotguns be used for self-defense?
Yes, many people use pump or semi-auto shotguns for home defense due to their stopping power and ease of use.